ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺑﺄﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﻏﻴﺮﻫﻤﺎ ﻭﻫﻮﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻷﻧﻬﻢ ﺻﺤﺒﻮﺍ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ ﺑﺄﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻲ " ﺍﻟﺮَّﺣْﻤَﻦُ ﻋَﻠَﻰﺍﻟْﻌَﺮْﺵِ ﺍﺳْﺘَﻮَﻯ " ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻃﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﻭﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺴﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻳﻀﺎ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻣﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ) ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻊ ( ﺛﻢ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﻡ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﻏﻴﺮﻫﻢ ﺃﻥ / ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻮﺍﺀ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻴﻒ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻘﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺤﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻔﺮ ) ﻭﻟﻠﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﺝ 13/406 ( ﻭ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﻟﻲ " ﺃَﻭْﻻَﻣَﺴْﺘُﻢُ ﺍﻟﻨِّﺴَﺎﺀ " ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ : ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻉ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ : ﺍﻟﻠﻤﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ : ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻉ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻳﻜﻨﻲ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﻴﺮ : ﻭﻗﺪ ﺻﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻭﺟﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺛﻢ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ : ﺍﻟﻠﻤﺲ : ﻣﺎﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻉ ﺛﻢ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ : ﻭﺃﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ " ﺃﻭ ﻻﻣﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ " ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻉ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻤﺲ ﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻪ ﺛﻢ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻭﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻮﺿﺄ ) ﻟﻠﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﺧﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﺝ 1/502 ( ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻘﻒ ﻗﻠﻴﻼ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﺍﺫﺍ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻵﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﺻﺤﺎﺑﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ! ﻫﻞ ﻧﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﺄﺣﺪﻫﻢ ؟ﺃﻡ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ؟ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺍﺏ ﺃﻧﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻥ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻧﻔﻌﻞ؟ ﻓﺎﻟﺠﻮﺍﺏ ﺃﻧﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻘﺪﻡ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻤﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻛﺮﺕ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻨﻄﻖ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﻯ ﻭﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ " ﻳَﺎ ﺃَﻳُّﻬَﺎ ﺍﻟَّﺬِﻳﻦَ ﺁﻣَﻨُﻮﺍ ﻟَﺎ ﺗُﻘَﺪِّﻣُﻮﺍ ﺑَﻴْﻦَ ﻳَﺪَﻱِ ﺍﻟﻠَّﻪِ ﻭَﺭَﺳُﻮﻟِﻪِ " ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺮﺍﺕ ﺃﻱ ) ﻻ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻮﺍ ﻗﻮﻻ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻌﻼ ( ﻭﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﻟﻲ " ﻳَﻮْﻡَ ﻳُﻜْﺸَﻒُ ﻋَﻦْ ﺳَﺎﻕٍ " ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻢ ﻓﻔﺴﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺣﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ )): ﻳﻜﺸﻒ ﺭﺑﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻓﻴﺴﺠﺪ ﻟﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ﻭﻣﺆﻣﻨﺔ (( ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ : ﻫﻮ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻛﺮﺏ ﻭﺷﺪﺓ ) ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﺧﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ / ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ – ﺳﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻼﻟﻲ - ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺮﺍﻕ ﻻﺿﺮﺍﺑﻪ ( ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻥ ﺻﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻓﺴﺮ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺎﻕ ﻟﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺗﺸﺒﻴﻪ ﻓﻴﻜﺸﻒ ﺭﺑﻨﺎ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻛﺮﺏ ﻭﺷﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻳﻀﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ / ﺍﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺒﻠﻐﻪ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﺑﻲ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﺪﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻓﺴﺮ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺄﺫﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺛﻼﺛﺎ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺆﺫﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻧﺼﺮﻑ ﺛﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ : ﺃﻟﻢ ﺃﺳﻤﻊ ﺻﻮﺕ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﻳﺴﺘﺄﺫﻥ ؟ ﺍﺋﺬﻧﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ، ﻓﻄﻠﺒﻮﻩ ﻓﻮﺟﺪﻭﻩ ﻗﺪ ﺫﻫﺐ، ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ : ﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﺟﻌﻚ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ : ﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺄﺫﻧﺖ ﺛﻼﺛﺎ ﻭﻟﻢ ﻳﺆﺫﻥ ﻟﻲ ، ﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺳﻤﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ )) : ﺍﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﺄﺫﻥ ﺃﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﺛﻼﺛﺎ ﻭﻟﻢ ﻳﺆﺫﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻠﻴﻨﺼﺮﻑ (( ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ : ﻟﺘﺄﺗﻴﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻻ ﺃﻭﺟﻌﺘﻚ ﺿﺮﺑﺎ ، ﻓﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻣﻸ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﻟﻬﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ، ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ : ﻻ ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﻟﻚ ﺍﻻ ﺃﺻﻐﺮﻧﺎ ، ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﺪﺭﻱ ﻓﺄﺧﺒﺮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ : ﺃﻟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻖ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ) ﻟﻠﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﻴﺮ 3/278 ( ::: ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﻊ : ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ :